Recognize denial/rationalization/projection/flight as stress signals; reduce threat, rebuild confidence.

The student’s understanding matches the instructor’s intent — check for understanding.

First learning is strong & lasting — teach it right the first time.

Automatic, correlated response — practice toward correlation, not rote.

Demonstration-performance: explain, demonstrate, student performs, instructor supervises/evaluates.

Objective, specific, balanced, constructive, tied to the ACS standard; let the student self-assess first.

PAVE = Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, External pressures; teach the 5 hazardous attitudes & antidotes.

Complacency/expectation bias from repetition — use positive exchange of controls & hard floors.