6 approaches + holding + intercept/track in 6 cal months (61.57c); else IPC.

91.205(d) (GRAB CARD); pitot-static/transponder (91.411/413); VOR check (91.171).

1-2-3: below 2,000 ft / 3 SM, 1 hr before–after ETA → file alternate.

Erroneous airspeed; teach failure indications & partial-panel.

Trust and fly the instruments; vestibular/visual illusions mislead.

AC 61-65 (current); verify the requirement before signing.