PRIORITYUniversal first action in any malfunction?
Fly the aircraft — protect rotor RPM & airspeed, pick a landing area; then diagnose & run the POH.
ENGINEComplete power loss is handled by?
Autorotation (Lesson 28).
HYDHydraulic failure feels like?
Increased control forces — maintain control, follow the POH.
AUTOTwo things to protect when the engine quits?
Airspeed and rotor RPM.
AUTOThree rotor-disc regions in autorotation?
Driven (tip), driving/autorotative (mid-blade, sustains RPM), stall (hub).
VRSThree conditions for VRS / settling with power?
High descent rate + airspeed below ETL + significant power applied.
VRSVRS recovery?
Reduce collective + forward cyclic to gain airspeed (fly to clean air); some teach Vuichard. Costs altitude — prevent it.
LOWRPMLow-rotor-RPM recovery?
Lower collective + roll on throttle (aft cyclic in forward flight) — instant reflex.
LOWRPMWhy so dangerous near the ground?
Can progress to unrecoverable rotor stall in seconds.
ROLLOVERDynamic rollover needs?
A pivot point + rolling moment past the critical angle — recover by smoothly lowering collective.
RESONGround resonance trigger?
Hard / one-skid uneven touchdown disturbing rotor lead-lag; act per POH (lift off or shut down).
LTELTE / unanticipated yaw caused by?
Wind (not a failure) — worst at low airspeed, high power, OGE. Apply pedal + gain airspeed.
TRFAILTrue tail-rotor failure handled by?
POH Section 3 procedures — establish airspeed for weathervaning; running landing or autorotation per failure.
EQUIPCommonly required emergency equipment?
An ELT; plus 91.205 instruments/equipment; carry route-appropriate survival gear.
SURVIVALSurvival gear chosen by?
Route, terrain, season; keep it accessible and know how to use it; brief passengers.
RISKTwo emergency-handling killers?
Misdiagnosis and delay — fly first, then diagnose, then act with the correct POH procedure.